Kyōgen kataginu with salt maker's bucket and ox festival mask patterns,

orig. 1929

by Yamaguchi Ryōshū

About This Print

In March 1929, Yamaguchi followed his 100 print compendium of kyōgen plays with a portfolio of ten kyōgen costume prints, each print picturing two designs for kataginu (the sleeveless robe with pointed shoulders used as a stage costume in kyōgen plays), titled "Kyōgen kataginu moyōshū" 狂言肩衣模様集 (Collection of Kyōgen Kataginu Designs), published by the Kyōto-based publisher 版畫會板元 Hangakai Hanmoto.

"Kyōgen kataginu are extremely important as attire for the Tarō Kaja character [typically a servant]. Traditionally, there are certain patterns and designs used in kyōgen, determined by the school, as well as those designed according to the preferences of the main performer.[1]

The kataginu is worn mainly by the characters of common people, including the servant Tarō Kaja. For higher ranking characters the kataginu is combined with a pair of long hakama trousers made of the same dyed fabric.[2]

In this print, the top design consists of what may be a salt maker's bucket above the corner of the low railing on a noh or kyōgen stage. For the bottom design, we have the below description from the book "Kyogen Costumes Suo (Jackets) and Kataginu (Shoulder-wings)."

[1] my rough translation from the table of contents.

[2] the-Noh-.com https://db2.the-noh.com/edic/2014/12/kataginu.html

[3] Kyogen Costumes: Suo (Jackets) and Kataginu (Shoulder-Wings), Ken Kirihata, publisher Thames and Hudson, 1980, p. 162-163.

What is Kyōgen

In formal terms it is "the medieval comic form [dating from the mid-14th century] that evolved alongside the serious noh and, like noh, became a seminal influence on kabuki and puppet theater."[1] While "noh is usually about gods and spirits . . .  kyōgen is always about human beings."[2] It is noh's comedic counterpart, "sandwiched between two noh plays, or even between two halves of a single drama."[3] Today, there are two schools of kyōgen, the Ōkura school 大蔵流  and the Izumi school 和泉流.

"The kyōgen doings are based on a slender repertoire of situations. [About 260 plays.] A lord has a stupid servant (always called Tarō Kaja. . .) who cannot tell a fan from an umbrella [as in the play "Suehirogari"], or who inadvertently gives away to his mistress his master's philanderings, or who drinks up all the sake and fills up the bottles with hot water and then tries to talk the master into thinking he is getting drunk. Tarō is joined by a large cast of comic characters, each as distinctive as himself, each sublimely stupid, as gloriously sly, as eternally innocent. [I]t is our foibles that kyōgen celebrates.[4]

[1] New Kabuki Encyclopedia: A Revised Adaptation of Kabuki Jiten, Samuel Leiter, Greenwood Press, 1997, p. 374.

[2] A Guide to Kyogen, Don Kenny, Hinoki Shoten, 1968, p. 7. 

[3] ibid.

[4] ibid., p. 8.

Print Details